How To Prime A Power Steering Pump: Avoid Costly Repairs

What is power steering pump priming? Power steering pump priming is the essential process of removing air from a newly installed or repaired power steering system. It ensures proper lubrication and function, preventing damage to the pump. This article will guide you through the power steering pump priming procedure, power steering system air removal, and power steering pump troubleshooting, so you can avoid costly repairs.

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Why Power Steering Pump Priming Matters

A power steering pump is the heart of your vehicle’s steering system. Its job is to circulate power steering fluid, providing the hydraulic pressure needed for effortless steering. When the pump is new, has been replaced, or the system has been opened (for example, during a hose replacement), air can get trapped inside. This air prevents proper power steering fluid circulation and can quickly damage the pump. Proper power steering pump priming procedure eliminates this air, ensuring the pump operates smoothly and lasts longer.

The Risk of Running a Dry Pump

Imagine starting your car with no oil in the engine. The same principle applies to a power steering pump. Without the lubrication provided by power steering fluid, the internal components of the pump will grind against each other, leading to:

• Excessive Heat: Friction generates heat, which can warp or damage pump components.
• Pump Failure: The pump may seize up and fail completely.
• Loud Noises: A whining or growling sound is a common symptom of a dry or air-filled pump.
• Reduced Steering Assist: You’ll notice it becomes much harder to turn the steering wheel.

Understanding the Priming Process

Priming a hydraulic pump, in this case the power steering pump, involves more than just filling the reservoir. It’s a controlled process to carefully introduce fluid and purge trapped air. This protects the pump from damage during its initial operation. Power steering system air removal is key to a properly functioning system.

Common Scenarios Requiring Priming

You’ll need to prime your power steering pump in these situations:

• New Power Steering Pump Installation: This is the most common scenario.
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opening the system introduces air.
• Power Steering Fluid Leak Repair: If the system loses a significant amount of fluid, air can enter.
• Complete Power Steering Fluid Flush: Even with careful draining, some air can remain.

Preparing for the Power Steering Pump Priming Procedure

Before you start, gather the necessary tools and supplies:

• New Power Steering Fluid: Use the type specified in your vehicle’s owner’s manual.
• Turkey Baster or Syringe: For removing old fluid from the reservoir.
• Jack and Jack Stands (Optional): To lift the front wheels off the ground for easier steering.
• Wrench Set: For loosening and tightening hose connections (if necessary).
• Funnel: For easily adding fluid to the reservoir.
• Gloves and Eye Protection: To protect yourself from fluid spills.
• Shop Rags: For cleaning up spills.

Choosing the Right Power Steering Fluid

Using the correct power steering fluid is crucial. Check your owner’s manual or the reservoir cap for the specific type recommended by the manufacturer. Using the wrong fluid can damage the pump and other system components.

Step-by-Step Power Steering Pump Priming Procedure

Follow these steps carefully for a successful priming:

1. Prepare the Vehicle: Park the car on a level surface. If you have space, you can lift the front wheels off the ground using a jack and jack stands. This will make it easier to turn the steering wheel later.

2. Inspect the System: Before adding any fluid, check all hoses and connections for leaks. Tighten any loose clamps or fittings.

3. Fill the Reservoir: Clean the power steering reservoir using the turkey baster or syringe, sucking out any old fluid. Then, fill the reservoir to the “MIN” or “COLD” line with new power steering fluid.

4. Slowly Turn the Steering Wheel: With the engine off, slowly turn the steering wheel from lock to lock (full left to full right). This helps circulate the fluid and force air out of the system. Check the fluid level in the reservoir frequently and add more as needed to prevent the pump from running dry.

5. Check for Bubbles: As you turn the wheel, watch for air bubbles in the reservoir. This indicates that air is being purged from the system. Continue turning the wheel until the bubbles disappear.

6. Start the Engine (Briefly): Once you see fewer bubbles and the fluid level stabilizes, start the engine for just a few seconds (2-3 seconds). Immediately shut it off. This allows the pump to circulate fluid more effectively without running dry for too long. Check the fluid level again and add more if needed.

7. Repeat the Process: Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 several times. Continue turning the wheel and starting the engine briefly until the fluid level remains stable and there are no more air bubbles in the reservoir.

8. Run the Engine: Once the fluid level is stable and bubble-free, start the engine and let it idle. Observe the fluid in the reservoir. There should be minimal turbulence or foaming. Turn the steering wheel from lock to lock a few more times.

9. Final Check: Check the power steering fluid level one last time and top it off to the “MAX” or “HOT” line. Inspect for any leaks around the pump, hoses, and fittings.

Tips for a Smooth Power Steering System Air Removal

• Patience is Key: Don’t rush the priming process. It may take several cycles of turning the wheel and starting the engine to completely remove all the air.
• Listen Carefully: Pay attention to any unusual noises coming from the power steering pump. A whining or growling sound could indicate that the pump is still running dry or that there is still air in the system.
• Check for Leaks: Keep a close eye on all connections and hoses for any signs of leaks. Address any leaks promptly to prevent further air from entering the system.

Power Steering Pump Troubleshooting

Even with careful priming, you might encounter some issues. Here’s how to troubleshoot common problems:

Problem	Possible Cause	Solution
Excessive Whining Noise	Air in the system, low fluid level, damaged pump	Continue priming, check fluid level and add as needed, inspect pump for damage
Foaming Fluid in Reservoir	Air in the system, contaminated fluid	Continue priming, flush and replace fluid if contaminated
Hard Steering	Air in the system, low fluid level, failing pump	Continue priming, check fluid level and add as needed, inspect pump for damage
Leaks	Loose connections, damaged hoses or seals	Tighten connections, replace damaged hoses or seals
Steering Wheel Shakes/Vibrates	Air in system, worn components, unbalanced tires	Continue priming, inspect suspension components and tires

How to Prevent Power Steering Pump Whine

Power steering pump whine is a common complaint. Here’s how to minimize it:

• Proper Priming: Ensure all air is removed from the system.
• Regular Fluid Changes: Replace power steering fluid according to your vehicle’s maintenance schedule. This helps prevent contamination and maintains proper lubrication.
• Correct Fluid Type: Use the fluid specified in your owner’s manual.
• Avoid Extreme Steering: Try not to hold the steering wheel at full lock for extended periods, as this can strain the pump.
• Inspect Regularly: Check for leaks and address them promptly.

DIY Power Steering Repair: When to Call a Professional

While priming a power steering pump is a manageable DIY task, some repairs are best left to the professionals. If you suspect a more serious issue, such as a damaged pump, a leaking rack and pinion, or a complex hydraulic problem, it’s best to consult a qualified mechanic. Attempting to repair these issues yourself without the proper knowledge and tools can lead to further damage and costly repairs.

Fathoming Power Steering Fluid Circulation

Proper power steering fluid circulation is vital for the system’s efficient operation. The pump draws fluid from the reservoir, pressurizes it, and sends it to the steering gear (rack and pinion or steering box). The fluid then assists in turning the wheels. After passing through the steering gear, the fluid returns to the reservoir, completing the cycle. Obstructions or air pockets in this circulation loop will impair system performance and can damage the pump.

The Role of the Power Steering Reservoir

The reservoir serves as a storage tank for the power steering fluid. It also allows air to separate from the fluid before it’s drawn into the pump. Some reservoirs have a built-in filter to remove contaminants. Keeping the reservoir clean and properly filled is crucial for maintaining optimal power steering performance.

New Power Steering Pump Installation: Avoiding Common Mistakes

When installing a new power steering pump, avoid these common mistakes:

• Forgetting to Prime: This is the biggest mistake. Always prime the pump before starting the engine.
• Using the Wrong Fluid: Use the fluid specified in your owner’s manual.
• Over-Tightening Fittings: This can damage the pump or hoses. Tighten fittings to the specified torque.
• Not Flushing the System: If the old pump failed due to contamination, flush the entire system to remove debris.
• Ignoring Leaks: Address any leaks immediately to prevent further problems.

Grasping Steering Pump Noise Reduction Techniques

Besides proper priming and maintenance, several techniques can help reduce steering pump noise:

• Sound Dampening Materials: Adding sound-deadening material around the pump and reservoir can help absorb noise.
• Hose Isolators: Using rubber isolators to mount the hoses can reduce vibrations that contribute to noise.
• High-Quality Fluid: Using a high-quality power steering fluid with noise-reducing additives can help quiet the pump.
• Check for Obstructions: Make sure the hoses are not kinked or obstructed, as this can cause the pump to work harder and generate more noise.

FAQ: Power Steering Pump Priming

Q: How long does it take to prime a power steering pump?
A: It usually takes between 15 and 30 minutes, depending on how much air is in the system.

Q: Can I prime a power steering pump by just filling the reservoir?
A: No, simply filling the reservoir is not enough. You need to follow the priming procedure to circulate the fluid and purge the air.

Q: What happens if I don’t prime a new power steering pump?
A: The pump can run dry, overheat, and fail prematurely. It can also cause excessive noise and hard steering.

Q: Is there a specific power steering pump priming tool I can use?
A: While there aren’t specific tools required, some mechanics use vacuum bleeders to assist in power steering system air removal. These can make the process quicker and more efficient.

Q: How often should I change my power steering fluid?
A: Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the recommended service interval. Generally, it’s a good idea to change your power steering fluid every 2-3 years or 30,000 miles.

By following these steps and tips, you can successfully prime your power steering pump, avoid costly repairs, and enjoy smooth, effortless steering.