How To Remove Pitman Arm From Steering Box: Pro Tips

What is a pitman arm and how do you remove it? A pitman arm is a steering component that connects the steering box to the steering linkage. Removing it typically involves using a specialized pitman arm removal tool and following specific steps to avoid damaging other parts of the steering system.

The pitman arm is a vital component in your vehicle’s steering system. It transfers the rotational motion from the steering box into linear motion, which then moves the steering linkage and turns the wheels. Because it’s a critical part constantly under stress, the pitman arm can wear out or become damaged over time. When this happens, you might notice play in the steering, difficulty turning, or even unusual noises. Removing the pitman arm can be a challenging task, especially if it’s rusted or seized onto the steering box. This guide will provide step-by-step instructions and pro tips to make the process easier and safer.

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Preliminary Steps Before Pitman Arm Removal

Before you start wrenching, preparation is key. Doing the right prep work will save time and frustration, and ensure your safety.

Gather Your Tools and Materials

Having the right tools readily available will streamline the process. Here’s a list of essentials:

• Pitman Arm Removal Tool: Crucial for separating the pitman arm from the steering box. Several types exist, so choose one that fits your vehicle and comfort level. This might be a pitman arm puller or a pitman arm separator.
• Socket Set: Including various sizes to remove bolts and nuts.
• Wrenches: For backup and hard-to-reach fasteners.
• Hammer: To gently persuade stubborn components.
• Penetrating Oil: Essential for loosening rusted or seized parts.
• Safety Glasses: To protect your eyes from debris.
• Gloves: To protect your hands.
• Jack and Jack Stands: To safely lift and support the vehicle.
• Wheel Chocks: To prevent the vehicle from rolling.
• Torque Wrench: To tighten bolts to the correct specification upon reinstallation.
• Marking Pen or Paint Marker: To mark the orientation of the pitman arm.
• WD-40: for lubricating purposes.

Safety First: Preparing the Vehicle

1. Secure the Vehicle: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and use wheel chocks behind the rear wheels.
2. Lift the Vehicle: Use a jack to lift the front of the vehicle. Place jack stands securely under the frame rails. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
3. Disconnect the Battery: Disconnecting the negative battery cable prevents accidental electrical shorts.

Inspect the Steering System

Before you begin, take a close look at the steering linkage and surrounding components. Note the condition of ball joints, tie rod ends, and the steering box itself. This is a good opportunity to identify other potential issues that may need attention.

Steering Linkage Removal and Access

Gaining access to the pitman arm usually involves disconnecting other parts of the steering system.

How to Disconnect the Steering Linkage

1. Tie Rod Ends: The pitman arm connects to the steering linkage via a tie rod end. Use a tie rod separator (pickle fork) or a tie rod end puller to disconnect it. Be careful not to damage the tie rod end boots.
2. Center Link (if applicable): Some vehicles have a center link connected to the pitman arm. Disconnect it using the appropriate tools.
3. Idler Arm (if applicable): On some vehicles, you may need to loosen or remove the idler arm to provide more clearance for pitman arm removal.

Marking the Pitman Arm’s Position

Before you fully disconnect the pitman arm, use a marking pen or paint marker to note its orientation on the steering box sector shaft. This will help ensure proper alignment during reinstallation, especially if you’re reusing the old pitman arm.

Steering Box Pitman Arm Separation: The Core Process

This is where the pitman arm removal tool comes into play. There are different tools available, and understanding how to use them is essential.

Selecting and Using a Pitman Arm Puller

A pitman arm puller is the most common tool for removing a pitman arm. It typically consists of a heavy-duty frame with a center screw.

1. Position the Puller: Place the puller around the pitman arm, ensuring the jaws grip securely behind the arm.
2. Tighten the Center Screw: Gradually tighten the center screw of the puller, applying even pressure to the pitman arm.
3. Apply Penetrating Oil: If the pitman arm is stuck, spray penetrating oil around the sector shaft and pitman arm interface. Let it soak for several minutes.
4. Tap with a Hammer: Gently tap the pitman arm near the sector shaft with a hammer while maintaining tension on the puller. This can help break the rust and corrosion.
5. Continue Tightening: Continue tightening the center screw of the puller until the pitman arm separates from the sector shaft. It may pop loose with a loud bang, so be prepared.

Using a Pitman Arm Separator (Fork Type)

A pitman arm separator, often called a “pickle fork,” is another option. However, it can sometimes damage the pitman arm or steering box if used incorrectly.

1. Insert the Fork: Insert the fork between the pitman arm and the steering box.
2. Strike with a Hammer: Use a hammer to strike the end of the fork, driving it between the pitman arm and the steering box.
3. Apply Penetrating Oil: As with the puller, penetrating oil can help loosen the pitman arm.
4. Caution: Be very careful when using a pickle fork, as it can damage the pitman arm seals or the steering box housing. It’s generally recommended to use a pitman arm puller whenever possible.

Removing Stuck Pitman Arm: Stubborn Pitman Arm Solutions

Sometimes, the pitman arm is extremely stubborn and refuses to budge. Here are some techniques for removing a stuck pitman arm:

1. Heat (Use with Extreme Caution): Applying heat can help loosen rust and corrosion. Use a propane torch to gently heat the pitman arm around the sector shaft. Be extremely careful not to overheat the steering box seals or damage any nearby components. Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and eye protection.
2. More Penetrating Oil and Time: Apply liberal amounts of penetrating oil and let it soak for an extended period, even overnight.
3. Impact Wrench: If you have access to an impact wrench, use it on the center screw of the pitman arm puller. The vibrations can help break the pitman arm loose.
4. Two-Puller Technique: In extreme cases, you can try using two pitman arm pullers simultaneously, applying pressure from opposite sides.
5. Professional Help: If all else fails, consider taking the vehicle to a professional mechanic. They have specialized tools and experience dealing with stubborn pitman arms.

Steering Box Assessment and Pitman Arm Bearing Removal

With the pitman arm removed, take the opportunity to inspect the steering box and related components.

Inspecting the Steering Box

Check the steering box for leaks, cracks, or other damage. If the steering box is leaking or has excessive play, it may need to be rebuilt or replaced.

Pitman Arm Bearing Removal (If Necessary)

Some pitman arms have bearings that can wear out over time. If you’re replacing the pitman arm, you may need to remove the old bearing and install it in the new arm.

1. Bearing Removal Tool: Use a bearing puller or a press to remove the old bearing from the pitman arm.
2. Bearing Installation: Use a press to install the new bearing into the pitman arm. Be sure to press the bearing in straight and to the correct depth.

Pitman Arm Replacement and Reinstallation

Installing the new or refurbished pitman arm is the reverse of the removal process.

Preparing the New Pitman Arm

1. Clean the Sector Shaft: Clean the sector shaft on the steering box to remove any rust or corrosion.
2. Lubricate: Lightly lubricate the sector shaft and the inside of the pitman arm with grease.

Pitman Arm Installation

1. Align the Marks: Align the marks you made earlier on the pitman arm and the sector shaft.
2. Slide the Pitman Arm: Slide the pitman arm onto the sector shaft. It may be a tight fit, so use a rubber mallet to gently tap it into place.
3. Install the Nut or Bolt: Install the nut or bolt that secures the pitman arm to the sector shaft.
4. Torque to Specification: Use a torque wrench to tighten the nut or bolt to the manufacturer’s specified torque. Over-tightening can damage the sector shaft or pitman arm.

Reconnecting the Steering Linkage

1. Tie Rod Ends: Reconnect the tie rod ends to the pitman arm. Torque the nuts to the specified torque.
2. Center Link (if applicable): Reconnect the center link.
3. Idler Arm (if applicable): Reinstall or tighten the idler arm.

Final Checks and Adjustments

1. Check Steering Fluid Level: If you disconnected any hydraulic lines, check the steering fluid level and add fluid as needed.
2. Bleed the Steering System: Bleed the steering system to remove any air bubbles. Consult your vehicle’s service manual for the proper bleeding procedure.
3. Inspect for Leaks: Check for leaks around the pitman arm, steering box, and tie rod ends.
4. Test Drive: Lower the vehicle and take it for a test drive. Check for proper steering response and any unusual noises or vibrations.
5. Wheel Alignment: After replacing the pitman arm, it’s a good idea to have the wheel alignment checked and adjusted by a professional.

Pitman Arm Replacement: When is it Necessary?

Knowing when to replace your pitman arm can prevent more significant steering problems down the road.

Signs of a Worn Pitman Arm

• Loose Steering: Excessive play or looseness in the steering wheel.
• Wandering: The vehicle drifts or wanders on the road, requiring constant steering corrections.
• Difficulty Turning: The steering feels stiff or difficult to turn.
• Unusual Noises: Clunking or popping noises coming from the steering system.
• Visible Damage: Cracks, bends, or excessive wear on the pitman arm.

Pitman Arm vs. Idler Arm

The pitman arm and idler arm work together in many steering systems. Both can wear out and cause similar symptoms. The key difference is their location: the pitman arm connects to the steering box, while the idler arm supports the opposite end of the center link.

FAQ: Answering Common Questions

• Can I replace the pitman arm myself? Yes, with the right tools and knowledge, you can replace the pitman arm yourself. However, if you’re not comfortable working on steering systems, it’s best to take the vehicle to a professional.
• How much does it cost to replace a pitman arm? The cost can vary depending on the vehicle, the quality of the replacement pitman arm, and whether you do it yourself or hire a mechanic. Expect to pay between $100 and $500, including parts and labor.
• What happens if I don’t replace a worn pitman arm? A worn pitman arm can lead to poor steering control, increased tire wear, and potentially dangerous driving conditions.
• Is it necessary to get a wheel alignment after replacing the pitman arm? Yes, it’s highly recommended to get a wheel alignment after replacing the pitman arm. This will ensure proper steering geometry and prevent premature tire wear.
• Are there different types of pitman arm pullers? Yes, there are different types of pitman arm pullers, including jaw-type pullers, scissor-type pullers, and hydraulic pullers. Choose the one that best fits your vehicle and comfort level.
• What causes a pitman arm to fail? Pitman arms typically fail due to wear and tear, corrosion, or damage from impacts.
• Is it possible to reuse the old pitman arm? You can reuse the old pitman arm if it’s in good condition and doesn’t show any signs of wear or damage. However, it’s generally recommended to replace it with a new one for optimal performance and safety.

By following these steps and tips, you can successfully remove and replace your vehicle’s pitman arm, restoring proper steering control and ensuring a safer driving experience. Remember to prioritize safety, use the right tools, and consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific instructions and torque specifications.